The linkage between open innovation, absorptive capacity and managerial ties: A cross-country perspective

The paper addresses the concepts of inbound open innovation and outbound as key elements by incorporating managerial ties absorptive capacity from a cross-country perspective. This study draws on cross-sectional sample 530 companies based in France, Malaysia UAE collecting data collect middle top managers working different industries. results show mediating effect perceived relationship external (inbound outbound). Most specifically, affect all three surveyed countries while relate positively to France UAE. role is evident cases Finally, concludes, highlighting implications findings its limitations. will help understand connection between that may lead successful operations innovation.